1,000 Garages Face HSE Inspections | Is Yours Ready?

The Health and Safety Executive has announced a major campaign targeting motor vehicle repair facilities that use two-pack (2K) paints, coatings, and lacquers. These products contain isocyanates, chemical compounds that create an invisible, rapidly spreading mist during spray operations.

For those unfamiliar with the specific hazard, isocyanates are prized in the automotive industry for producing durable, high-quality finishes, but they present a severe risk of respiratory sensitisation. Once a worker develops occupational asthma from isocyanate exposure, even trace amounts can trigger debilitating attacks, effectively ending their career. Here's what you need to know:

• The HSE is launching 1,000 targeted inspections of motor vehicle repair businesses across Great Britain, focusing specifically on workplaces using isocyanate-containing paints and coatings.
• Occupational asthma from isocyanates remains the UK's leading cause of work-related asthma, forcing skilled vehicle paint sprayers to permanently leave their profession each year.
• Non-compliance with COSHH Regulations can result in improvement notices, prohibition notices, or prosecution with unlimited fines, but more importantly, failure puts workers' long-term health at serious risk.

Why Has the HSE Launched This Campaign

What makes isocyanate exposure particularly insidious is its delayed effect; workers may not realise they've been sensitised until it's too late. The condition is irreversible, and the personal cost is immense: skilled professionals in their prime earning years find themselves unable to continue in the trade they've spent years mastering.

The HSE's decision to conduct 1,000 inspections signals a troubling pattern of industry-wide non-compliance. From a regulatory perspective, this level of targeted enforcement typically follows concerning evidence that existing guidance isn't being followed. The motor vehicle repair sector has long struggled with implementing robust control measures, partly due to the fragmented nature of the industry, from large franchise operations to independent single-bay workshops.

The Legal Framework for COSHH Compliance

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations have been around for over two decades, yet compliance remains inconsistent. Employers must not only prevent or control exposure through engineering controls and safe systems of work, but they must also verify effectiveness through two legally mandated monitoring programmes:

• Health surveillance involves regular occupational health assessments to detect early signs of respiratory sensitisation or dermatitis before permanent damage occurs. These act as an early warning system
• Biological monitoring uses urine testing to measure actual isocyanate metabolites in workers' bodies, providing objective evidence that control measures are functioning properly. As Kate Jones from HSE's biological monitoring team emphasises, this simple test offers "confidence that spraying is being done safely."

The Three Non-Negotiables

Having advised numerous automotive businesses over the decades, I've identified where failures typically occur. During these inspections, HSE will scrutinise three critical areas:

Spray Booth Ventilation Systems

These must create negative-pressure environments that prevent contaminated air from escaping into general workshop areas. I've seen too many operations where extraction systems haven't been maintained, filter changes are overdue, or air flow testing hasn't been conducted in years. Your ventilation system isn't working if you can smell paint outside the booth.

Respiratory Protective Equipment Standards

Filtering respirators, even those rated for organic vapours, provide inadequate protection during spray operations. Only an air-fed breathing apparatus to the appropriate British Standard offers sufficient protection. Half-mask types with proper eye protection are acceptable but require more frequent biological monitoring to verify effectiveness.

Clearance Procedures and Times

Set procedures and times must be clearly displayed and rigorously enforced. Workers who remove respiratory protection prematurely expose themselves to elevated isocyanate concentrations that persist after spraying has ceased. This is where supervision and workplace culture become critical; technical controls are meaningless if workers fail to follow procedures.

Strategic Implications for HSE Professionals

This enforcement campaign presents both risk and opportunity. For health and safety professionals advising motor vehicle repair businesses, now is the time to conduct comprehensive COSHH assessments. Don't wait for an inspection notice.

Review your biological monitoring records. Are they being conducted at the correct frequency? Are results being analysed by competent persons who understand the significance of elevated biomarkers? Is health surveillance being delivered by appropriately qualified occupational health professionals?

Consider the broader industry context, occupational lung disease costs the UK economy billions annually through lost productivity, medical treatment, and compensation claims. The HSE's targeted approach reflects a regulatory strategy focused on sectors with disproportionate health impacts. Motor vehicle repair won't be the last industry facing heightened scrutiny.

Key Actions for Health and Safety

If you're responsible for health and safety in motor vehicle repair, treat this announcement as your catalyst for change. Commission independent verification of your ventilation systems, audit your RPE provision and fit-testing records, and review biological monitoring data trends. Engage with competent occupational hygiene and health professionals who understand automotive-specific risks.

The consequences of non-compliance extend beyond regulatory penalties—though unlimited fines should concentrate minds. The real cost is measured in workers' lives permanently altered by preventable disease.

Stay ahead of regulatory developments and industry best practices by subscribing to our newsletter, or explore more insights in our 'This Week in Health and Safety' series below.